Descripción de la conducta suicida en usuarias del Centro de Salud Jardines del Hipódromo, 2019

Abstract

El suicidio es un continuo de conductas que van desde pensamientos de muerte hasta el suicidio consumado. Constituye un fenómeno de relevancia para la salud pública en aumento en las últimas décadas. En Uruguay la tasa de suicidio es el doble que la mundial. Estas son mayores en hombres que en mujeres, pero en ellas es más prevalente ideación suicida e IAE, lo que permitiría mayor detección y prevención. Objetivo: Describir la conducta suicida de las mujeres mayores de 14 años, usuarias del Centro de Salud Jardines del Hipódromo que consultaron en los servicios de Pediatría, Ginecología y Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, durante el periodo de Agosto-Septiembre de 2019. Método: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, observacional y transversal, con manejo cuantitativo de los datos. Se midieron frecuencias de conductas suicidas y factores de riesgo con entrevista clínica semi estructurada, WAST corto, y Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck. Resultados: Con la entrevista clínica semi estructurada se detectó 28,4% de casos de riesgo suicida, constituido por 16,4% riesgo bajo, 4,5% riesgo medio y 7,5% riesgo alto. El 17,9% presentaban ideación suicida, 10,4% planificación suicida y 20,9% tenían antecedentes de IAE, predominan en métodos utilizados arma blanca y medicamentosos. Conclusiones: Se halló una considerable prevalencia de riesgo suicida, destacando la intención de usar el suicidio como forma para escapar de los problemas. Hubo asociación de riesgo suicida con factores de riesgo como enfermedades psiquiátricas, violencia de pareja y consumo de sustancias.

Suicide is a continuum of behaviors that go from thoughts of death until suicide proper, which consists in causing one’s own death with lethal intention. It constitutes a very relevant phenomenon for public health, which has been increasing in the last few decades. Uruguay has double the suicide rate as the global average. Even though suicide rates are higher in men, women have a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, which could afford more opportunities for detection and prevention. Objective: describe the suicidal behavior of women aged 14 and older, who attend the Health Center Jardines del Hipodromo, and consulted in the pediatrics, gynecology, or family medicine services during the period of August-September 2019. Methods: it was an epidemiological, descriptive, observational and transversal study, with a quantitative analysis of the data, of a series of cases in women who attend the Centro de Salud Jardines del Hipódromo in Montevideo, Uruguay. A semi-structured clinical interview was conducted, as well as a short WAST questionnaire and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Results: With the clinical interview, 28,4% of the cases presented suicidal risk, of which 16,4% were low risk, 4,5% were medium risk and 7,5% were high risk. Suicidal ideation was present in 17,9% of cases, of which 10,4% had planning, and 20,9% had attempted suicide. Among the methods used in previous attempts, there’s a predominance of cutting instruments and medications. Conclusions: the results show a considerable prevalence of users of the Centro de Salud Jardines del Hipódromo who present a suicidal risk, with the intention being using suicide as a way to escape their problems. There was also an association with risk factors, such as psychiatric illness, Intimate Partner Violence, and substance abuse.