Diet formulated with rice bran fermented by Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: impacts on zootechnical performance and intestinal gene expression in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

The growing demand for aquaculture has driven the search for sustainable practices and utilization of agro-industrial residues. Brown rice bran, an abundant and low-cost by- product, has emerged as a promising raw material. This dissertation aimed to evaluate solid-state fermentation (SSF) of rice bran using the fungus Rhizopus oryzae and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the goal of improving its nutritional value for use in diets formulated for zebrafish (Danio rerio). Proximate composition analyses revealed the strong biotransformation potential of Rhizopus oryzae. Fermentation with this fungus resulted in a significant 36.45% increase in protein content, a 51.62% increase in total polyphenols, and a 13.7% reduction in lipid content. In an in vivo experiment, zebrafish fed a diet containing rice bran fermented by R. oryzae showed the best zootechnical performance, with higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and improved feed conversion. Gene expression analysis showed a significant difference only for glut6, which is related to glucose transport. In summary, the fermentation of brown rice bran with Rhizopus oryzae represents an effective strategy to enhance its nutritional profile, establishing it as a viable alternative for the formulation of more sustainable and efficient diets in aquaculture.