Emergent and re-emergent zoonotic infectious diseases in Uruguay (2004-2024) and socioenvironmental changes. a one health perspective

Abstract

The One Health approach aims to operate at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental influence to prevent and control the scale of these shifts. In recent decades, Uruguay has experienced various productive and socio-environmental alterations. This communication presents some relationships between emerging and increasing zoonotic diseases and some socio-environmental-climatic determinant factors under the One Health framework. We identify emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases (e.g. rabies, Leishmaniasis, avian influenza, western equine encephalitis) based on Uruguayan WOAH and the zoonotic reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and the Ministry of Public Health. We analyse the outbreaks, cases, deaths, distribution, and time progression. Finally, we compare the monitoring sources and reports and show their differences. There are some differences among them that need to be verified.