Consumo de alcohol en lactancia materna: Prevalencia e impacto en lactantes menores de un año

Abstract

Existe escasa información sobre los efectos del consumo de alcohol en la lactancia, a pesar de que se trata de la droga de mayor consumo en Uruguay. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol de las madres amamantando, su impacto en el crecimiento, desarrollo y duración de la lactancia en menores de un año. Se indagaron creencias maternas sobre este tópico. Participaron 103 madres. Se aplicó un cuestionario, se realizó el análisis de datos antropométricos del Carné Pediátrico y la evaluación del desarrollo con la Guía Nacional para la Vigilancia del Desarrollo en menores de 5 años. Se reportó una prevalencia de 15.5% de consumo de alcohol, 93% consumidoras sociales. En relación a los efectos sobre el crecimiento se observó una alteración del mismo respecto a las madres abstemias; no se encontró relación entre el consumo y alteraciones del desarrollo. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la duración de la lactancia. El 62.5% de las mujeres consumidoras presentaron creencias adecuadas sobre el tema, no hallándose diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos de madres.

Although alcohol is the most frequently consumed drug in Uruguay, there is limited information about its effects while breastfeeding. A descriptive study was conducted with the objective of knowing the prevalence of alcohol consumption by breastfeeding mothers, its impact on the growth, development and duration of breastfeeding in children under one year of age. Maternal beliefs about alcohol intake during breastfeeding were also investigated. There is little information on the effects of alcohol consumption on breastfeeding, despite the fact that it is the most consumed drug in Uruguay. A descriptive study was carried out with the objective of knowing the prevalence of alcohol consumption by breastfeeding mothers, its impact on the growth, development and duration of breastfeeding in children under one year of age. Maternal beliefs on this topic were investigated. 103 mothers participated. The variables were obtained through a survey, the analysis of anthropometric data from the Pediatric Card and the evaluation of development based on the National Guide for Monitoring the Development of Boys and Girls Under 5 Years of Age. A prevalence of 15.5% of alcohol consumption was reported, 93% social consumers. In relation to the effects on growth, a variation will be observed with respect to abstemious mothers; no relationship was found between consumption and developmental alterations. No significant differences were found regarding the duration of breastfeeding. 62.5% of female consumers presented adequate beliefs on the subject, with no significant differences being found between both groups of mothers.