De la fuerza de la ley al milagro de la acción. Municipios y participación ciudadana en Uruguay

Abstract

Los gobiernos municipales uruguayos incorporan, desde su propia génesis, el mandato de la participación ciudadana. No obstante, el contenido normativo de este mandato es recogido en la legislación municipal como un principio genérico, sumamente ambiguo y con escasa operatividad. Frente a esto, una alternativa tentadora consiste en intentar especificar legalmente ciertos dispositivos obligatorios a los que los gobiernos locales habrían de ajustarse. En este trabajo apuntaremos un conjunto de argumentos críticos que advierten sobre algunos potenciales problemas que enfrentan las regulaciones compulsivas de la participación ciudadana. A partir de un repaso de algunos ensayos normativos emprendidos por otros países de región, mostraremos cómo este tipo de legislaciones pasan por alto algunos requisitos indispensables para que la participación ciudadana consiga incidir realmente en la democratización de los gobiernos locales en particular, destacaremos la importancia de la voluntad política de los gobernantes encargados de su implementación. En el contexto uruguayo, se advierte que las vocaciones más o menos participativas de las autoridades municipales se encuentran influenciadas por las tradiciones programáticas y discursivas de los principales partidos políticos del país. Esta circunstancia podría representar un obstáculo adicional para la aplicación de leyes proparticipativas.

From their origin, the Uruguayan municipal governments incorporated the citizen participation postulate. However, the municipal legislation includes the normative content of this mandate as a generic principle, highly ambiguous and with limited operability. Faced with this, the attempt to legally stipulate mandatory mechanisms that local governments would have to replicate appears as an attractive alternative. This paper points out a set of critical arguments that warn about some potential problems generated by compulsory regulations of citizen participation. Based on the experience of other LatinAmerican countries, it is shown how this type of legislation ignores core conditions required for citizen participation became a contribution in order to democratize local governments. Especially, it is discussed the importance of the political will as an angular stone for succeed implementation. In the Uruguayan context, it is observed that different intensity degree of municipal authorities’ participative vocations is influenced by the programmatic and discursive traditions of the main political parties of the country. This circumstance would depict an additional obstacle for pro participation laws application.

From their origin, the Uruguayan municipal governments incorporated the citizen participation postulate. However, the municipal legislation includes the normative content of this mandate as a generic principle, highly ambiguous and with limited operability. Faced with this, the attempt to legally stipulate mandatory mechanisms that local governments would have to replicate appears as an attractive alternative. This paper points out a set of critical arguments that warn about some potential problems generated by compulsory regulations of citizen participation. Based on the experience of other LatinAmerican countries, it is shown how this type of legislation ignores core conditions required for citizen participation became a contribution in order to democratize local governments. Especially, it is discussed the importance of the political will as an angular stone for succeed implementation. In the Uruguayan context, it is observed that different intensity degree of municipal authorities’ participative vocations is influenced by the programmatic and discursive traditions of the main political parties of the country. This circumstance would depict an additional obstacle for proparticipation laws application.