https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/7174 Sat, 22 Aug 2026 09:07:34 GMT 2026-08-22T09:07:34Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56309 Título: Crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano: evidencia a nivel subnacional para Uruguay (1992–2021) Autor: Pérez Fernández, Martín; Rodríguez Miranda, Adrián Resumen: Este artículo analiza la relación de largo plazo entre crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano a nivel subnacional de Uruguay entre 1992 y 2021. Se construye un Índice de Desarrollo Departamental (IDD) que incorpora dimensiones de bienestar y capacidades humanas. Mediante técnicas de cointegración y causalidad con datos de panel se identifican vínculos significativos entre el PIB per cápita y los componentes del desarrollo. Los resultados revelan disparidades persistentes entre regiones, especialmente entre el sur y el norte del país, y sugieren que las mejoras en bienestar y capacidades humanas pueden retroalimentar el crecimiento económico. Se discuten implicancias para las políticas de desarrollo territorial, que deben integrar crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano para generar ventajas competitivas sostenibles y un desarrollo equilibrado.; This article analyses the long-term relationship between economic growth and human development at the subnational level in Uruguay between 1992 and 2021. A Departmental Development Index (DDI) is constructed, incorporating dimensions of well-being and human capabilities. Using panel data cointegration and causality techniques significant linkages are identified between GDP per capita and the components of development. The results reveal persistent disparities across regions, particularly between the south and the north of the country, and suggest that improvements in well-being and human capabilities can feed back into economic growth. The paper discusses implications for territorial development policies, which should integrate economic growth and human development in order to generate sustainable competitive advantages and balanced development. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56309 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56292 Título: The origins of reference groups Autor: Leites, Martín; Paleo, Camila; Ramos, Xavier; Salas, Gonzalo Resumen: Do individuals choose their reference groups, i.e. their Joneses, or are they culturally transmitted across generations and through the social environment? We provide evidence that feeds the theoretical debate about the origins of reference groups. Our findings for Uruguay suggest that reference groups are largely transmitted across generations and are also shaped by the social environment where individuals live. Our results are robust to several checks and to endogeneity issues. Our analysis of mechanisms shows that transmission is strongest when parents are homogeneous and when the gender of the parent and the offspring is the same. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56292 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56290 Título: Reviewing the factors driving demand for regional tourism in Uruguay Autor: Mordecki, Gabriela; Domingorena, Sofía Resumen: Tourism is a key driver of Uruguay’s economy, accounting for around 9% of GDP and 7% of total employment. Argentina and Brazil are the main source markets, together accounting for approxi-mately 70% of total tourism demand. This paper reviews recent evidence on the long-run relationship between tourism demand, income, and the real exchange rate using vector error correction models (VECM), estimated separately for Argentina and Brazil from January 2005 to June 2025. An uncer-tainty measure is also incorporatedto assess its potential effects.The results show that Argentine tourism demand responds to both income and relative prices, with an income elasticity close to 4, confirming tourism as a luxury good, while uncertainty has no significant effect. In contrast, Brazilian demand is driven exclusively by income, with an elasticity close to 3, and uncertainty behaves as an exogenous factor. Forecasts suggest that Argentine tourism would grow by 8% in 2025 and 8.5% in 2026, while Brazilian tourism is projected to increase by 12% and 9%, respectively. Impulse response functions indicate strong income effects in both markets, with faster short-run adjustment in Argen-tina (three months) than in Brazil (about one year).; El turismo es un motor clave de la economía uruguaya, ya que representa alrededor del 9% del PIB y el 7% del empleo total. Argentina y Brasil son los principales mercados emisores y en conjunto explican aproximadamente el 70% de la demanda turística total.Este trabajo revisa evidencia reciente sobre la relación de largo plazo entre la demanda turística, el ingreso y el tipo de cambio real, utilizando modelos vectoriales de corrección del error (VECM), estimados por separado para Argentina y Brasil en el período comprendido entre enero de 2005 y junio de 2025. Asimismo, se incorpora una medida de incertidumbre para evaluar sus posibles efectos. Los resultados muestran que la de-manda turística argentina responde tanto al ingreso como a los precios relativos, con una elasticidad-ingreso cercana a 4, lo que confirma al turismo como un bien de lujo, mientras que la incertidumbre no tiene un efecto significativo. En contraste, la demanda brasileña está impulsada exclusivamente por el ingreso, con una elasticidad cercana a 3, y la incertidumbre se comporta como un factor exógeno. Las proyecciones sugieren que el turismo argentino crecería un 8% en 2025 y un 8,5% en 2026, mientras que el turismo brasileño se incrementaría en un 12% y un 9%, respectivamente. El análisis de funciones impulso–respuesta indica fuertes efectos del ingreso en ambos mercados, con un ajuste de corto plazo más rápido en Argentina (tres meses) que en Brasil (alrededor de un año); O turismo é um motor fundamental da economia uruguaia, representando cerca de 9% do PIB e 7% do emprego total. Argentina e Brasil são os principais mercados emissores e, em conjunto, respondem por aproximadamente 70% da demanda turística total. Este trabalho revisa evidências recentes sobre a relação de longo prazo entre a demanda turística, a renda e a taxa de câmbio real, utilizando modelos vetoriais de correção de erros (VECM), estimados separadamente para a Argentina e o Brasil no período de janeiro de 2005 a junho de 2025. Além disso, incorporase uma medida de incerteza para avaliar seus possíveis efeitos. Os resultados mostram que a demanda turística argentina responde tanto à renda quanto aos preços relativos, com uma elasticidade-renda próxima de 4,o que confirma o turismo como um bem de luxo, enquanto a incerteza não apresenta efeito significativo. Em contraste, a demanda brasileira é impulsionada exclusivamente pela renda, com elasticidade próxima de 3, e a incerteza comporta-se como um fator exógeno. As projeções sugerem que o turismo argentino cresceria 8% em 2025 e 8,5% em 2026, enquanto o turismo brasileiro aumentaria 12% e 9%, respectivamente. A análise das funções impulso-resposta indica fortes efeitos da renda em ambos os mercados, com um ajuste de curto prazo mais rápido na Argentina (três meses) do que no Brasil (quase um ano). Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56290 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56180 Título: Gender gaps in career opportunities: a look at graduates in the field of business and economics in Uruguay Autor: Azar, Paola; Machado, Alina Resumen: Based on a novel dataset, we examine the gender gaps in the career opportunities of university graduates in accountancy, administration and economics in Uruguay. We find no significant gender differences in graduation marks, time to degree or the likelihood of attaining upper-level job positions shortly after graduation. However, the gaps emerge 7 years after graduation. We show that women are 10% points less likely than men to advance in the job ranking. Additionally, their probability of working full-time is 17% points lower. These chances are reduced even further when children are present. From the supply side, soon after degree women express a stronger preference than men for job stability and free time outside work. Our findings point to a “glass ceiling effect” that persists even within a specific and highly-rewarded skill group and a gender-balanced field of study in the country. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/56180 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z