https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/7174 2026-06-07T00:25:38Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/55126 Título: Nature-based solutions or green taxes? Riparian buffers prevent eutrophication more effectively than taxes on fertilizers Autor: Sena, Guillermo; Alpízar, Francisco; Borges, Magdalena; Carriquiry, Miguel; Holmgren, Milena Resumen: Nutrient pollution from agricultural activities deteriorates water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning of interconnected terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecosystems. There are many policy instruments aiming to reduce the impact of nutrient eutrophication. However, their effectiveness is seldom compared. We assessed the environmental and economic performance of two policy instruments for controlling phosphorus diffuse pollution from agriculture into riverine systems: the implementation of riparian vegetation buffers and a phosphorus fertilizer tax. We used a spatial explicit model and integrated economic analysis to compare the cost-effectiveness and equity of both interventions using a representative watershed within the Rio de la Plata freshwater system of South America. We found that riparian vegetation buffers achieve substantial reductions in phosphorus exports from land to freshwater systems (51–61%), while a phosphorus fertilizer tax yields only marginal environmental benefits (less than 1% reduction in phosphorus exports to water). This contrasting environmental outcomes translate into marginal abatement costs that are approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower for riparian buffers than for a phosphorus fertilizer tax. Building on this comparison, we then explored a combined policy scheme in which riparian buffers costs are compensated through the revenue generated by a phosphorus fertilizer tax. This hybrid approach preserves the environmental effectiveness of riparian vegetation buffers while improving distributional outcomes and feasibility by reducing the burden imposed on farmers located near watercourses. Our findings suggest that complementing regulatory measures with targeted environmental taxes can offer a balanced and politically feasible strategy for addressing nutrient pollution in agricultural and ecological ecosystems. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54942 Título: Real Wages and Labour Inequalities in the Río de la Plata’s Meatpacking Industry (Uruguay, 1890–1928) Autor: Martirén, Juan Luis; Román, Carolina Resumen: This study offers new evidence regarding industrial wage dynamics in the Río de la Plata region during the First Globalization era (1890-1928). We focus on Uruguay's meat packing industry, particularly Liebig's Extract of Meat Company (Frigorífico Anglo after 1924), a key supplier of meat extract to European markets, and analyse original wage data extracted from company employment records. The nominal and real wage series we construct reveal two significant patterns: persistent real wage stagnation and widening gender-based pay disparities throughout the period. These findings provide important insights into labour market functioning in settler economies and contribute to comparative studies of industrial wages during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.; Este estudio aporta nueva evidencia sobre la dinámica salarial industrial en la región del Río de la Plata durante la Primera Globalización (1890-1928). Centrándonos en la industria frigorífica de Uruguay, analizamos registros salariales extraídos de los legajos laborales de la empresa Liebig´s Extract of Meat Co (convertida en Frigorífico Anglo desde 1924). Las series de salarios nominales y reales construidas revelan dos patrones significativos: un persistente estancamiento de los salarios reales junto con un aumento progresivo de las brechas salariales por género durante el período. Estos resultados aportan nuevos elementos para comprender los mercados laborales en economías de nuevo asentamiento y ofrecen evidencia para comparaciones de salarios industriales entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54781 Título: Modeling Ecosystem Services and Externalities for Ecosystem Accounting: The Case of Santa Lucia Sub-Basin in Uruguay Autor: Borges, Magdalena; Hastings Viñas, Florencia; Hein, Lars; Carriquiry, Miguel Resumen: This research addresses the challenge of assessing ecosystem services, ecosystem condition, and agricultural externalities in a Latin American socio-ecological context, where primary production is both a major economic activity and a pressure on ecosystems. In Uruguay, the intensification of agriculture and livestock farming has raised concerns about nutrient-related externalities affecting water and soil quality. Although the System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA)—Ecosystem Accounting framework is used for better ecosystem management, it does not explicitly represent externalities. Using the Santa Lucía sub-basin in Uruguay (supplying water to 60% of the population) as a case study, this research combines the Soil and Water Assessment (SWAT) Tool with ecosystem accounting principles to assess ecosystem services, ecosystem condition, and externalities. Model outputs are used to compile partial ecosystem accounts in physical terms, integrating spatially explicit indicators. Results show that nutrient losses to surface waters, interpreted as agricultural externalities, are predominantly driven by diffuse sources associated with croplands and dairy systems and shaped by hydrological connectivity. Despite data and model-related uncertainties, the approach supports hotspot identification and the spatial targeting of interventions and provides the basis for future monetary assessment, illustrating how hydrological modeling can complement ecosystem accounting in data-scarce contexts. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54759 Título: Instrumentos estratégicos para la Gobernanza Metropolitana en América Latina: El caso del Área Metropolitana de Montevideo Autor: Vegas Sandoval, Ignacio; González-Orge, Alejo; Rodríguez Miranda, Adrián Resumen: La gestión de áreas metropolitanas implica desafíos que demandan una gobernanza capaz de articular actores, niveles de gobierno y agendas sectoriales. En América Latina, y particularmente en Uruguay, persisten dificultades de coordinación interjurisdiccional. Este artículo analiza los planes estratégicos de los departamentos del área metropolitana de Montevideo desde un análisis documental, complementado con encuestas a responsables públicos. Los resultados muestran una consideración parcial e incipiente del enfoque metropolitano, aunque también revelan potencialidades para una gobernanza integrada.; The administration of metropolitan areas involves challenges that require enough governance capacity to coordinate actors, levels of government, and sectoral agendas. In Latin America, and particularly in Uruguay, difficulties in interjurisdictional coordination persist. This article analyzes the strategic plans of the departments of the Montevideo Metropolitan Area, based on a documentary analysis supplemented by surveys of public officials. Results show partial and incipient support of the metropolitan approach but also reveal potential for integrated governance. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z