https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/31 2026-05-19T18:42:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/55095 Título: Fat-Free Mass Index, Visceral Fat Level, and Muscle Mass Percentage Better Explain Deviations From the Expected Value of Aortic Pressure and Structural and Functional Arterial Properties Than Body Fat Indexes Autor: Gómez García, Mariana; Torrado, Juan; Pereira, María; Bia, Daniel; Zócalo, Yanina Resumen: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived indexes [e.g., fat (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI), visceral fat level (VFL)] are used to characterize obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). The BIA-derived index that better predicts arterial variability is still discussed. Aims: To determine: (1) the association of classical [weight, height, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR)] and BIA-derived indexes, with arterial properties deviations from expected values (arterial z-scores); (2) maximum arterial variations attributable to BIA-derived indexes; (3) whether the composition of total body, trunk and/or limbs is most closely associated with arterial variations. Methods: Hemodynamic, structural, and functional parameters of different histological types of arteries were assessed (n = 538, 7-85 years). Classical and BIA-derived indexes [fat mass and percentage, FMI, VFL, muscle mass percentage (PMM), FFMI, and percentage] were measured (mono- and multi-segmental devices). Arterial z-scores were obtained using age-related equations derived from individuals not-exposed to CRFs (n = 1,688). Results: First, regardless of the classical index considered, the associations with the arterial properties showed a specific hierarchy order: diameters and local stiffness > aortic and brachial blood pressure (BP) > regional stiffness. Second, all the associations of FMI and FFMI with z-scores were positive. Third, FFMI exceeded the association obtained with BMI and BMR, considering structural z-scores. In contrast, FMI did not exceed the association with z-scores achieved by BMI and BMR. Fourth, regardless of CRFs and classical indexes, arterial z-scores would be mainly explained by FFMI, VFL, and PMM. Fifth, regardless of the body-segment considered, the levels of association between FMI and z-scores did not exceed those found for classic and FFMI. Total fat mass and trunk indexes showed a greater strength of association with z-scores than the FMI of limbs. Sixth, compared to lower limb FFMI indexes, total and upper limbs FFMI showed higher levels of association with z-scores. Conclusions: FFMI (but not FMI) exceeded the strength of association seen between BMI or BMR and structural z-scores. Regardless of the body segment analyzed, the associations between FMI and z-scores did not exceed those found with classic and FFMI. Arterial z-scores could be independently explained by FFMI, VFL, and PMM. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/55094 Título: Pros y contras del teletrabajo en la salud física y mental de la población general trabajadora: una revisión narrativa exploratoria Autor: Tomasina, Fernando; Pisani, Adriana Resumen: El teletrabajo es una realidad compleja que se encuentra en pleno desarrollo desde hace varias décadas. La situación de pandemia por la COVID-19 aceleró dicho proceso. Son variadas las formas de presentación, siendo la del trabajo a domicilio quizás de las más frecuentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión narrativa exploratoria y reflexiva sobre el teletrabajo en los aspectos positivos (pros) y negativos (contras) en relación con la salud física y mental de la persona teletrabajadora.Así, de la literatura consultada se identifican factores de riesgo para la salud de los teletra-bajadores, mayoritariamente corresponden a daños derivados de la exposición a riesgos psicosociales y ergonómicos. Destacan como daños a la salud mental las alteraciones del sueño, la ansiedad y la angustia y la depresión. Con respecto a los daños a la salud física se identifican trastornos músculo-esqueléticos, alteraciones derivadas de la disminución de la actividad física por el sedentarismo y el estrés, en particular enfermedades no transmisi-bles, y alteraciones de la visión.Desde la prevención se deberán fomentar acciones dirigidas a políticas vinculadas con la organización del teletrabajo. En particular se deberá prestar atención a los tiempos de tra-bajo y de descanso, asegurando el denominado derecho a la desconexión. El diseño ergo-nómico del puesto de trabajo y la realización de pausas activas son elementos que contri-buyen también al bienestar del trabajador. La participación activa de los actores sociales, trabajadores, empleadores y Estado, resulta estratégica para que el teletrabajo contribuya al trabajo decente y no a su precarización.; Teleworking has been growing over the decades, arising many challenges to overcome. The COVID-19 pandemic situation accelerated this process. The forms of presentation are varied, homework perhaps is the most frequent. The objective of this study was to carry out a review on teleworking in the positive and negative aspects in relation to the physical and mental health of the teleworker.So, from the literature consulted, risk factors for health are identified, most of them cor-respond to damages derived from exposure to psychosocial and ergonomic risks. Sleep disturbances, anxiety and distress, and depression stand out as damage to mental health. With regard to damage to physical health, musculoskeletal disorders, alterations resulting from the decrease in physical activity due to sedentary lifestyle and stress, in particular non-communicable diseases, and alterations in vision are also identified. From a preventive perspective, actions aimed at policies linked to the organization of tele-working should be encouraged. In particular, those related with working and resting times, ensuring, among other aspects, the so-called right to disconnection. The ergonomic design of the workstation and taking active breaks are an element that also contributes to the well-being of the worker. The active participation of social actors, workers, employers and the state is strategic for teleworking, contributing to decent work and not to its precariousness. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/55093 Título: Advances in the Immunomodulatory Properties of Glycoantigens in Cancer Autor: da Costa, Valeria; Freire, Teresa Resumen: Aberrant glycosylation in tumour progression is currently a topic of main interest. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cancers, being both a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target, as they have impact on patient outcome and disease progression. Glycans affect both tumour-cell biology properties as well as the antitumor immune response. It has been ascertained that TACAs affect cell migration, invasion and metastatic properties both when expressed by cancer cells or by their extracellular vesicles. On the other hand, tumour-associated glycans recognized by C-type lectin receptors in immune cells possess immunomodulatory properties which enable tumour growth and immune response evasion. Yet, much remains unknown, concerning mechanisms involved in deregulation of glycan synthesis and how this affects cell biology on a major level. This review summarises the main findings to date concerning how aberrant glycans influence tumour growth and immunity, their application in cancer treatment and spotlights of unanswered challenges remaining to be solved. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/55092 Título: Radiation Oncology Residency Training in Latin America: A Call to Attention Autor: Li, Benjamin; Faúndez Salazar, Javier; Flores Rivera, Arianne; Babayemi, Towo; Colqui Campos, Kevin; Del Castillo Pacora, Rubén Francisco; Noreña Gómez, María Paulina; Gamboa Garay, Oscar Andrés; Vacaflor Romero, Liceth; Rodríguez Moura, Diego; Condori Vasquez, Nancy; Martínez Pérez, David Antonio Resumen: Purpose: Despite the call to increase the number of radiation oncologists in Latin America, the quality, similarity, and number of residency training programs are unknown. We seek to describe the current state of residency programs in radiation oncology in Latin America. Methods and materials: Latin American Residents in Radiation Oncology performed a cross-sectional analysis of universities and training centers for radiation oncologists in Latin America. Latin American Residents in Radiation Oncology members identified and contacted current residents and specialists at each center to obtain information and documents that described their training curricula. Results: As of 2020, 13 of 23 (56.5%) Latin American countries have radiation oncology training. Seventy-three training centers were identified (59 active and 14 inactive), associated with 28 universities. On average, each active center trains 2.6 new residents per year, and in total, 156 residents are trained annually. The average length of training programs is 3.6 years. Brazil and Mexico comprise 31 (52.5%) and 7 (11.9%) of active programs, respectively, and 64 (41.8%) and 50 (32.7%) residents, respectively. Training is available in 38 cities in 13 countries, and outside Brazil and Mexico, only 13 cities in 11 countries (9 capitals and 4 noncapital cities). Individualized curriculum documents were provided by 20 (83.3%) of 24 non-Brazilian programs, while 1 standardized guideline was provided for Brazilian training programs. These demonstrated variation between subjects taught, their devoted time, outside specialty rotations, and experiences in modern techniques. Seventy-five percent include volumetric modulated arc therapy, 70% stereotactic radiosurgery, and 55% stereotactic body radiation therapy training. One-hundred percent include gynecologic brachytherapy education and <50% brachytherapy education in other disease sites. Conclusions: Training is highly centralized in capital cities. The number of trainees is insufficient to close the current human resource divide but is limited by available job openings. Over 50% of training programs now include technological training in stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy, or volumetric modulated arc therapy; however, substantial variation still exists. The development of radiation oncology specialists must be improved and modernized to address the escalating demand for cancer care. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z