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Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries

2024-04-15T16:36:56Z

Título: Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries Autor: Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Aubert, Salomé; Barnes, Joel D. Resumen: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5–17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations’ human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of “C−,” “D+,” and “C−” was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed. Descripción: Autores : Salomé Aubert, Joel D. Barnes, Chalchisa Abdeta, Patrick Abi Nader, Ade F. Adeniyi, Nicolas Aguilar-Farias, Dolores S. Andrade Tenesaca, Jasmin Bhawra, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Greet Cardon, Chen-Kang Chang, Christine Delisle Nyström, Yolanda Demetriou, Catherine E. Draper, Lowri Edwards, Arunas Emeljanovas, Aleš Gába, Karla I. Galaviz, Silvia A. González, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Wendy Y. Huang, Izzeldin A.E. Ibrahim, Jaak Jürimäe, Katariina Kämppi, Tarun R. Katapally, Piyawat Katewongsa, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Asaduzzaman Khan, Agata Korcz, Yeon Soo Kim, Estelle Lambert, Eun-Young Lee, Marie Löf, Tom Loney, Juan Lo´pez-Taylor, Yang Liu, Daga Makaza, Taru Manyanga, Bilyana Mileva, Shawnda A. Morrison, Jorge Mota, Vida K. Nyawornota, Reginald Ocansey, John J. Reilly, Blanca Roman-Vi˜ nas, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Pairoj Saonuam, John Scriven, Jan Seghers, Natasha Schranz, Thomas Skovgaard, Melody Smith, Martyn Standage, Gregor Starc, Gareth Stratton, Narayan Subedi, Tim Takken, Tuija Tammelin, Chiaki Tanaka, David Thivel, Dawn Tladi, Richard Tyler, Riaz Uddin, Alun Williams, Stephen H.S. Wong, Ching-Lin Wu, Paweł Zembura, and Mark S. Tremblay

The association between meat consumption and muscle strength index in young adults: the mediating role of total protein intake and lean mass percentage

2024-04-16T20:28:48Z

Título: The association between meat consumption and muscle strength index in young adults: the mediating role of total protein intake and lean mass percentage Autor: Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Martínez‑Vizcaíno, Vicente; Garrido‑Miguel, Miriam; Fernández‑Rodríguez, Rubén; Torres‑Costoso, Ana; Ferri‑Morales, Asunción; Martín‑Espinosa, Noelia M.; Eumann Mesas, Arthur Resumen: Purpose The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the consumption of diferent types of meat and the muscle strength index (MSI) and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by total protein intake (TPI) and lean mass percentage (LM%) in young adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with frst-year university students from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Diferent types of meat consumption (total, red, processed, and white and fsh) were separately evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. MSI was determined from the handgrip and standing long jump tests. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean diferences in MSI by categories of meat consumption. Serial multiple mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of TPI and LM% in the relationship between meat consumption and MSI. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic level, identifed through a directed acyclic graph. Additional analyses were performed with a small subsample including alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, physical activity, cardiorespiratory ftness, and total energy intake as covariates in the multiple mediation models. Results A total of 230 students (mean age 21.1±2.1 years, 66.5% women) were included in the analysis. Young adults with higher meat consumption (total, red, and white and fsh) had higher MSI adjusted means than their peers with lower meat consumption (p<0.05). These associations did not remain after controlling for TPI and LM%. In adjusted mediation analyses, a signifcant indirect efect was observed through TPI and LM% in the associations between each of the types of meat consumption and MSI. In the additional analyses, a greater efect of white and fsh meat consumption on muscle strength through mediation of TPI and LM% was reported compared to red or processed meat consumption, and no signifcant efects were observed between processed meat consumption and MSI. Conclusion Higher consumption of total, red, and white and fsh meat was associated with increased MSI in young adults. TPI and LM% mediated this relationship.

Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in adults: A prospective analysis with data from the UK Biobank cohort

2024-04-16T20:35:05Z

Título: Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in adults: A prospective analysis with data from the UK Biobank cohort Autor: Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Fernández-Rodríguez, Rubén; Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente; Garrido-Miguel, Miriam; Medrano, María; Jiménez-López, Estela; Mesas, Arthur Resumen: Background & aims: Evidence on the association between nut consumption and depression is mainly based on cross-sectional studies. This study aims to analyse whether nut consumption is prospectively associated with the risk of depression in adults. Methods: This study was conducted using the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank resource. Data from middleaged and older UK adults who participated in this cohort between 2007e2012 (baseline) and 2013e2020 (follow-up) were analysed. Baseline information on nut consumption was obtained with the Oxford WebQ 24-h questionnaire. Depression, defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis of depression or antidepressant use, was assessed at baseline and follow-up. Hazard regression models estimating the predictive ability of nut consumption for the risk of developing depression were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health confounders. Results: A total of 13,504 participants (mean age 57.5 ± 7.2 years, 50.7% female) free of depression at baseline were included in the analyses. After a mean follow-up of 5.3 ± 2.4 years, 1122 (8.3%) incident cases of depression were identified. Compared with no nut consumption, the daily consumption of >0 to 1 serving of 30 g of nuts was associated with a lower risk of depression (hazard ratio, HR ¼ 0.83; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.71e0.97) regardless of all potential confounders considered. In stratified analyses, a decreased risk of depression was more clearly observed in UK adults with adequate weight control, a healthy lifestyle, and better health status than in their counterparts (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Low-to-moderate nut consumption (>0 to 1 serving of 30 g/day) was associated with a 17% lower risk of depression during a 5.3-year follow-up compared with no nut consumption in a large sample of middle-aged and older UK adults. This protective association is enhanced in the absence of other known risk factors for depression

High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2024-04-16T20:34:03Z

Título: High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Autor: Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente; Fernández-Rodríguez, Rubén; López-Gil, José F; Díaz-Goñi, Valentina; Cavero-Redondo, Iván; Mesas, Arthur E. Resumen: Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middleaged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9–86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d= 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I 2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I 2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I 2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I 2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I 2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I 2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259. Adv Nutr 2022;0:1–12. Statement of Significance: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive picture of the associati